Present Perfect Tense

1. Definition of Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect Tense is used to talk about:

• actions or experiences that happened in the past but are still connected to the present
• actions that started in the past and continue until now
• actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past

📌 The exact time is not mentioned.

2. Functions of Present Perfect Tense

We use the Present Perfect Tense to:

1. Talk about life experiences
2. Describe unfinished actions
3. Show recent actions with present results
4. Talk about changes over time

3. Sentence Patterns

A. Positive (Affirmative)

Subject + have/has + Verb 3 (past participle)

• I / You / We / They → have
• He / She / It → has

Examples:

• I have finished my homework.
• She has visited Bali.
• They have studied English for years.

B. Negative

Subject + have/has + not + Verb 3

Examples:

• I have not seen that movie.
• He has not completed the task.
• We have not eaten yet.

C. Interrogative (Question)

Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 ?

Examples:

• Have you ever been abroad?
• Has she finished her work?
• Have they met the teacher?

4. Signal Words (Time Expressions)

Common signal words for the Present Perfect Tense:

• ever
• never
• already
• yet
• just
• since
• for
• so far
• recently

Examples:

• I have never tried sushi.
• She has lived here since 2018.
• We have studied English for three years.

5. Present Perfect vs Simple Past

• Present Perfect → time is not specific
• Simple Past → time is specific

Examples:

• I have seen that movie.
• I saw that movie last night.

6. Examples of Sentences

1. I have done my homework.
2. She has not arrived yet.
3. They have lived here for five years.
4. Have you ever met him?
5. The price has increased recently.